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Wearable

Open smart ring

A finger-worn health sensor. 2.4 grams. A 15 mAh battery. Everything fights for microwatts.

baseline: τ-Ring — open hardware, MIT firmware
mass 2.4 gPCB sub-1 mm flex, wrappedbattery 15 mAh Li-Poradio BLE 5.0 + 2.4 GHzfirmware MIT

The open equivalent of the litigious incumbent. We decompose a fully-documented open ring to its real BOM and place each part by cost and differentiation — what is settled, what is cyclical, and where the frontier sits — so the trade is visible before anyone commits to it.

5 of 7 settled or cyclical — 2 on the frontier. Each part placed by cost and differentiation — the landscape, not a verdict. The true cost of building without knowing the market and the benefit, surfaced — so you choose by your goal.

Exploded

Decompose the product into its stack. Each layer is colour-coded: settled, cyclical, or frontier.

Titanium / resin shell
Optical window (PPG) Frontier
Flexible PCB Settled
Sensor + AFE cluster Frontier
nRF52840 MCU + BLE Cyclical
Curved Li-Po cell Settled

Bill of materials

Settled ×3 Cyclical ×2 Frontier ×2

Every part is a real, sourced component from the open baseline — no invented part numbers.

nRF52840 Nordic Semiconductor Cyclical · refreshes on a clock
MCU + BLE radio — 64 MHz Cortex-M4F · BLE 5.0 · 1 MB flash · 256 kB RAM

The BLE SoC refreshes on a generation clock (nRF52 → nRF54). Reuse the current part; never design one.

https://www.nordicsemi.com/Products/nRF52840 →
GH3026 Goodix Frontier · higher cost and risk — differentiation, SOTA, or science
PPG / optical — 3-wavelength PPG · per-LED current drivers · 24-bit TIA ADC

A discrete optical analog front-end. The TIA + LED drive + ADC are exactly what an omni-modal biosensing chiplet absorbs.

https://www.goodix.com/en/product/sensors/health_sensor →
ICM-42688P TDK InvenSense Settled · mature — lowest cost and risk
6-axis IMU — ±16 g accel · ±4000 dps gyro · 0.88 mA · 1 kHz ODR

Mature MEMS commodity. The proof mass can’t fold into CMOS — keep it discrete, reuse as-is.

https://invensense.tdk.com/products/motion-tracking/6-axis/icm-42688-p/ →
GXT310 digital thermistor Frontier · higher cost and risk — differentiation, SOTA, or science
Skin temperature — ±0.1 °C · 16-bit · sampled at 3 ring positions

A second discrete AFE for one slow scalar. Folds into the same biosensing front-end as the PPG.

GD55B01GFYIGR GigaDevice Cyclical · refreshes on a clock
Data storage — 128 MB serial flash

Flash density refreshes each generation. Reuse the current capacity point.

Li-156825 Constant Settled · mature — lowest cost and risk
Battery — 15 mAh curved Li-Po cell

Commodity curved cell — the fixed energy budget. It’s precisely why moving inference on-die matters.

sub-1 mm flex PCB Settled · mature — lowest cost and risk
Substrate — flexible circuit wrapped to finger radius

Settled flex-PCB process. Reuse.

Where openWafer can help

Three of these lines — the PPG optical AFE, the temperature sensor, and their analog conditioning — are separate ICs, each with its own front-end and idle current. The frontier option here is a single omni-modal biosensing chiplet (chopper-stabilised diff-amp + TIA + current-injection) covering PPG, temperature, and bio-impedance on one die — fewer parts, lower idle power, and modalities the discrete stack can’t reach — at the cost and risk of a custom analog design. openWafer can design it, or you reuse the discrete stack and ship now. Which is right depends on the goal: volume, a differentiated product, or a research vehicle. The descent shows the trade; it doesn’t pick for you.

Open sources — decomposed and linked, not hosted